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The Book of Dede Qorqut is the most famous heroic dastan of the Oghuz, and it is made up of the twelve epic stories. The heroes are often portrayed as great warriors who fight on the path of the one true God – Tanri, against the invading villains who are referred to as infidels. The stories carry morals and values significant to the social lifestyle of the Oghuz peoples and their pre-Islamic beliefs. The book's mythic narrative is part of the cultural heritage of the peoples of Oghuz Turkic origin, mainly of Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. Buy at Google Play

Sports betting is a multibillion industry spreading across all continents. Betting was known to a humankind since early times, however, no much knowledge was available about probability or either about permutation and combinations until  Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi  (718 – 786 CE) wrote the "Book of Cryptographic Messages" which contains the first use of permutations and combinations to list all possible Arabic words with and without vowels. The mathematical methods of probability arose in the investigations first of  Gerolamo Cardano  in "Liber de ludo aleae" ("Book on Games of Chance"), written around 1564, but not published until 1663, and then in the correspondence  Pierre de Fermat  and  Blaise Pascal  (1654) on such questions as the fair division of the stake in an interrupted game of chance.  Christiaan Huygens  (1657) gave a more comprehensive treatment of the subject. Chess versus Backgammon. Herat (Afgha...